前言

UItableview是iOS开发中最常用的控件，它也非常的强大，现在我们就来讲讲它怎么实现tableview的右边索引导航。最终效果如图:

第一步

因为这个字母排序涉及到一个汉字转拼音的功能点，然后比对的实际上是字母的顺序。这个是用c语言写的，不过通用. pinyin.c代码如下:

        /*
         *  pinyin.c
         *  Chinese Pinyin First Letter
         *
         *  Created by George on 4/21/10.
         *  Copyright 2010 RED/SAFI. All rights reserved.
         *
         */
        #define HANZI_START 19968
        #define HANZI_COUNT 20902
        static char firstLetterArray[HANZI_COUNT] =
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        "cydyxyqmyqylddcyaytazdcymdydlzfffmmycqcwzzmabtbyctdmndzggdftypcgqyttssffwbdttqssystwnjhjytsxxylbyyhh"
        "whxgzxwznnqzjzjjqjccchykxbzszcnjtllcqxynjnckycynccqnxyewyczdcjycchyjlbtzyycqwlpgpyllgktltlgkgqbgychj"
        "xy";
        char pinyinFirstLetter(unsigned short hanzi)
        {
            int index = hanzi - HANZI_START;
            if (index >= 0 && index <= HANZI_COUNT)
            {
                return firstLetterArray[index];
            }
            else
            {
                return '#';
            }
        }

pinyin.h代码如下:

#ifndef pinyin_h
#define pinyin_h

#include <stdio.h>

#endif /* pinyin_h */
/*
 * // Example
 *
 * #import "pinyin.h"
 *
 * NSString *hanyu = @"青春万岁！";
 * for (int i = 0; i < [hanyu length]; i++)
 * {
 *     printf("%c", pinyinFirstLetter([hanyu characterAtIndex:i]));
 * }
 *
 */

char pinyinFirstLetter(unsigned short hanzi);

第二步

创建一个实体类，我们创建一个KCContact类，其中有个关键方法 - (NSString *) getFirstName;这个方法就是汉字转拼音的方法。

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#pragma mark 姓
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *firstName;
#pragma mark 名
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *lastName;
#pragma mark 手机号码
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *phoneNumber;

#pragma mark 带参数的构造函数
-(KCContact *)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName andLastName:(NSString *)lastName andPhoneNumber:(NSString *)phoneNumber;

#pragma mark 取得姓名
-(NSString *)getName;

- (NSString *) getFirstName;

- (NSString *) getLastName;


#pragma mark 带参数的静态对象初始化方法
+(KCContact *)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName andLastName:(NSString *)lastName andPhoneNumber:(NSString *)phoneNumber;

.m代码如下:

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#import "KCContact.h"
#import "pinyin.h"

@implementation KCContact

-(KCContact *)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName andLastName:(NSString *)lastName andPhoneNumber:(NSString *)phoneNumber{
    if(self=[super init]){
        self.firstName=firstName;
        self.lastName=lastName;
        self.phoneNumber=phoneNumber;
    }
    return self;
}

- (NSString *) getFirstName {
    if ([_firstName canBeConvertedToEncoding: NSASCIIStringEncoding]) {//如果是英文
        return _firstName;
    }
    else { //如果是非英文
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c",pinyinFirstLetter([_firstName characterAtIndex:0])];
    }
    
}
- (NSString *) getLastName {
    if ([_lastName canBeConvertedToEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]) {
        return _lastName;
    }
    else {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c",pinyinFirstLetter([_lastName characterAtIndex:0])];
    }
    
}

-(NSString *)getName{
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@",_lastName,_firstName];
}

+(KCContact *)initWithFirstName:(NSString *)firstName andLastName:(NSString *)lastName andPhoneNumber:(NSString *)phoneNumber{
    KCContact *contact1=[[KCContact alloc]initWithFirstName:firstName andLastName:lastName andPhoneNumber:phoneNumber];
    return contact1;
}

@end

第三步

这里排序用到一个类UILocalizedIndexedCollation

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The UILocalizedIndexedCollation class is a convenience for organizing, sorting, and localizing the data for a table view that has a section index. The table view’s data source then uses the collation object to provide the table view with input for section titles and section index titles.

UILocalizedIndexedCollation是专门用来为TableView转换组织结构，排序和本地化数据数据的一个类，并且它会带有索引。这个TableView的数据源从这些生成的数据中获取，包括section的标题和索引标题等。

初始化

UILocalizedIndexedCollation *collation = [UILocalizedIndexedCollation currentCollation];

可以看出来这是一个单例，它会根据不同国家的语言初始化出不同的结果。如中文和英文的得到的就是A~Z和#，日语的就是A~Z，あ, か, さ, た, な, は, ま, や, ら, わ和#。

创建数据

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#pragma mark 加载数据
-(void)initData{
    
    theCollation = [UILocalizedIndexedCollation currentCollation];//这个是建立索引的核心
    _contacts=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
    
    KCContact *contact100=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"安路" andLastName:@"Terry" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131238"];
    KCContact *contact101=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"林黛玉" andLastName:@"Jack" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131239"];
    KCContact *contact102=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"安丽云" andLastName:@"Rose" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131240"];
    KCContact *contact103=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"程鸽" andLastName:@"Rose" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131240"];
    
    
    KCContact *contact0=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"贾宝玉" andLastName:@"Kenshin" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131234"];
    KCContact *contact1=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"史湘云" andLastName:@"Kenshin" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131234"];
    KCContact *contact2=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"薛宝钗" andLastName:@"Tom" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131237"];
 
    
    
    
    KCContact *contact3=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"王熙凤" andLastName:@"Terry" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131238"];
    KCContact *contact4=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"平儿" andLastName:@"Jack" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131239"];
    KCContact *contact5=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"Lee" andLastName:@"Rose" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131240"];
  
    
    
    
    KCContact *contact6=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"袭人" andLastName:@"Kaoru" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131235"];
    KCContact *contact7=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"贾探春" andLastName:@"Rosa" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131236"];
    

    
    
    KCContact *contact8=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"贾元春" andLastName:@"Stephone" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131241"];
    KCContact *contact9=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"妙语" andLastName:@"Lucy" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131242"];
    KCContact *contact10=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"柳湘莲" andLastName:@"Lily" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131243"];
    KCContact *contact11=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"林黛玉" andLastName:@"Emily" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131244"];
    KCContact *contact12=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"王峰" andLastName:@"Andy" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131245"];

    
    
    KCContact *contact13=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"张三丰" andLastName:@"Joy" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131246"];
    KCContact *contact14=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"张无忌" andLastName:@"Vivan" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131247"];
    KCContact *contact15=[KCContact initWithFirstName:@"张爱玲" andLastName:@"Joyse" andPhoneNumber:@"18500131248"];

    
    [personArray addObject:contact100];
    [personArray addObject:contact101];
    [personArray addObject:contact102];
    [personArray addObject:contact103];
    [personArray addObject:contact0];
    [personArray addObject:contact1];
    [personArray addObject:contact2];
    [personArray addObject:contact3];
    [personArray addObject:contact4];
    [personArray addObject:contact5];
    [personArray addObject:contact6];
    [personArray addObject:contact7];
    [personArray addObject:contact8];
    [personArray addObject:contact9];
    [personArray addObject:contact10];
    [personArray addObject:contact11];
    [personArray addObject:contact12];
    [personArray addObject:contact13];
    [personArray addObject:contact14];
    [personArray addObject:contact15];
    
    
    NSInteger highSection = [[theCollation sectionTitles] count];
    //tableView 会被分成27个section
    //初始化一个数组sectionArrays用来存放最终的数据，我们最终要得到的数据模型应该形如@[@[以A开头的数据数组], @[以B开头的数据数组], @[以C开头的数据数组], ... @[以#(其它)开头的数据数组]]
    sectionArrays = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:highSection];
    for (int i=0; i<=highSection; i++) {
        NSMutableArray *sectionArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:1];
        [sectionArrays addObject:sectionArray];
    }
    
    //将每个人按name分到某个section下
    
    for (KCContact *p in personArray) {
        //获取name属性的值所在的位置，比如"林丹"，首字母是L，在A~Z中排第11（第一位是0），sectionNumber就为11
        NSInteger sectionNumber = [theCollation sectionForObject:p collationStringSelector:@selector(getFirstName)];
        //把name为“林丹”的p加入newSectionsArray中的第11个数组中去
        NSMutableArray *sectionNames = sectionArrays[sectionNumber];
        [sectionNames addObject:p];
    }
    
    //对每个section中的数组按照name属性排序
    for (int index = 0; index < highSection; index++) {
        NSMutableArray *personArrayForSection = sectionArrays[index];
        NSArray *sortedPersonArrayForSection = [theCollation sortedArrayFromArray:personArrayForSection collationStringSelector:@selector(getFirstName)];
        sectionArrays[index] = sortedPersonArrayForSection;
    }
    
}

Table的代理方法

初始化一些数据

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UITableView *_tableView;
NSMutableArray *_contacts;//联系人模型
NSIndexPath *_selectedIndexPath;//当前选中的组和行

NSMutableArray *personArray;
UILocalizedIndexedCollation *theCollation;
NSMutableArray *sectionArrays;

代理

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#pragma mark 返回每组头标题名称
-(NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section{
    NSLog(@"生成组（组%i）名称",section);
    //    KCContactGroup *group=_contacts[section];
    //    return group.name;
    
    NSArray *array=sectionArrays[section];
    if(array.count>0){
        return [theCollation sectionTitles][section];
    }
    return nil;
}



- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView sectionForSectionIndexTitle:(NSString *)title atIndex:(NSInteger)index
{
    NSInteger hello=[theCollation sectionForSectionIndexTitleAtIndex:index];
    return hello;
}

#pragma mark 返回每组标题索引
-(NSArray *)sectionIndexTitlesForTableView:(UITableView *)tableView{
    NSLog(@"生成组索引");
    
    NSArray *titleArray=[theCollation sectionIndexTitles];
    NSMutableArray *valueArray=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
    
    for (int i=0; i<sectionArrays.count; i++) {
        NSArray *array=sectionArrays[i];
        if(array.count>0){
            [valueArray addObject:titleArray[i]];
        }
    }
    
    return valueArray;
}